Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gullōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰl̥néh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *galaną, *gellaną (“to yell”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣul.lɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gullōną
Inflection
The original paradigm likely consisted of singular *gull- against non-singular *gul-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *gullō | *gullǭ | — | *gullōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *gullōsi | *gullōs | *gullō | *gullōsai | *gullōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *gullōþi | *gullō | *gullōþau | *gullōþai | *gullōþau | |
| 1st dual | *gullōs | *gullōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *gullōþiz | *gullōþiz | *gullōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *gullōmaz | *gullōm | — | *gullōnþai | *gullōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *gullōþ | *gullōþ | *gullōþ | *gullōnþai | *gullōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *gullōnþi | *gullōn | *gullōnþau | *gullōnþai | *gullōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *gullōdǭ | *gullōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *gullōdēz | *gullōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *gullōdē | *gullōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *gullōdēdū | *gullōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *gullōdēdudiz | *gullōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *gullōdēdum | *gullōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *gullōdēdud | *gullōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gullōdēdun | *gullōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *gullōndz | *gullōdaz | ||||
Descendants
- Old Norse: *golla
- Norwegian: golle
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN