Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Past participle of an unattested verb *halaną (“to slope; be inclined”).[1] From Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *ḱel- (“to tend, lean, incline, bend, tip”). Formation like *balþaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑl.θɑz/

Adjective

*halþaz[1]

  1. sloping, inclined

Inflection

Declension of *halþaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *halþaz *halþō *halþą, *-at(ō) *halþai *halþôz *halþō
accusative *halþanǭ *halþǭ *halþą, *-at(ō) *halþanz *halþōz *halþō
genitive *halþas, *halþis *halþaizōz *halþas, *halþis *halþaizǫ̂ *halþaizǫ̂ *halþaizǫ̂
dative *halþammai *halþaizōi *halþammai *halþaimaz *halþaimaz *halþaimaz
instrumental *halþanō *halþaizō *halþanō *halþaimiz *halþaimiz *halþaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *halþô *halþǭ *halþô *halþaniz *halþōniz *halþōnō
accusative *halþanų *halþōnų *halþô *halþanunz *halþōnunz *halþōnō
genitive *halþiniz *halþōniz *halþiniz *halþanǫ̂ *halþōnǫ̂ *halþanǫ̂
dative *halþini *halþōni *halþini *halþammaz *halþōmaz *halþammaz
instrumental *halþinē *halþōnē *halþinē *halþammiz *halþōmiz *halþammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *halþ
  • Old Norse: hallr
  • Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (*halþs)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *kaldas (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*halþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 205-206
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