Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamalōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hamalaz (“mutilated”) +‎ *-ōną.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.mɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hamalōną[1]

  1. to mutilate

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hamalō *hamalǭ — *hamalōi ?
2nd singular *hamalōsi *hamalōs *hamalō *hamalōsai *hamalōsau
3rd singular *hamalōþi *hamalō *hamalōþau *hamalōþai *hamalōþau
1st dual *hamalōs *hamalōw — — —
2nd dual *hamalōþiz *hamalōþiz *hamalōþiz — —
1st plural *hamalōmaz *hamalōm — *hamalōnþai *hamalōnþau
2nd plural *hamalōþ *hamalōþ *hamalōþ *hamalōnþai *hamalōnþau
3rd plural *hamalōnþi *hamalōn *hamalōnþau *hamalōnþai *hamalōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hamalōdǭ *hamalōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hamalōdēz *hamalōdēdīz
3rd singular *hamalōdē *hamalōdēdī
1st dual *hamalōdēdū *hamalōdēdīw
2nd dual *hamalōdēdudiz *hamalōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hamalōdēdum *hamalōdēdīm
2nd plural *hamalōdēdud *hamalōdēdīd
3rd plural *hamalōdēdun *hamalōdēdīn
present past
participles *hamalōndz *hamalōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

  • *hamlōną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hamalōn
    • Old English: hamelian
    • Old Frisian: homelia
    • Old High German: hamalōn
      • Middle High German: hamelen, hemelen
        • German: hammeln, hämmeln (obsolete)
  • Old Norse: hamla

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hamala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206: “*hamalōjan-”
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