Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.wɑː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *kew-.[1] Cognate Lithuanian kuvḗtis (to be ashamed).

Verb

*hawāną[1]

  1. to mock
Inflection
Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawō ? ? ?
2nd singular *hawaisi ? *hawai *hawāsai ?
3rd singular *hawaiþi ? *hawāþau *hawāþai ?
1st dual *hawōs ?
2nd dual *hawāþiz ? *hawāþiz
1st plural *hawāmaz ? *hawānþai ?
2nd plural *hawaiþ ? *hawaiþ *hawānþai ?
3rd plural *hawānþi ? *hawānþau *hawānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawadǭ *hawadēdį̄
2nd singular *hawadēz *hawadēdīz
3rd singular *hawadē *hawadēdī
1st dual *hawadēdū *hawadēdīw
2nd dual *hawadēdudiz *hawadēdīdiz
1st plural *hawadēdum *hawadēdīm
2nd plural *hawadēdud *hawadēdīd
3rd plural *hawadēdun *hawadēdīn
present past
participles *hawāndz *hawadaz
Descendants
  • Old Norse:

Etymology 2

The verb could also be reconstructed as *hēwijaną, but in view of Latvian kavêt (to prevent), *hawāną is more likely.[2] Also cognate with Latin caveo (to take care, beware).

Verb

*hawāną[2]

  1. to observe
Inflection
Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawō ? ? ?
2nd singular *hawaisi ? *hawai *hawāsai ?
3rd singular *hawaiþi ? *hawāþau *hawāþai ?
1st dual *hawōs ?
2nd dual *hawāþiz ? *hawāþiz
1st plural *hawāmaz ? *hawānþai ?
2nd plural *hawaiþ ? *hawaiþ *hawānþai ?
3rd plural *hawānþi ? *hawānþau *hawānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawadǭ *hawadēdį̄
2nd singular *hawadēz *hawadēdīz
3rd singular *hawadē *hawadēdī
1st dual *hawadēdū *hawadēdīw
2nd dual *hawadēdudiz *hawadēdīdiz
1st plural *hawadēdum *hawadēdīm
2nd plural *hawadēdud *hawadēdīd
3rd plural *hawadēdun *hawadēdīn
present past
participles *hawāndz *hawadaz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hawēn
  • Old Norse: *há
  • Proto-Finnic: *havait'ak (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
  2. 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawēn-2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217/218