Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

The pre-Germanic root form *klewd- seems unattested outside Germanic, but it is likely an extension of the same Proto-Indo-European root *klewH- (“lot, fate”) as seen in Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to stick, hang on”) and Latvian kļũt (“to become, succeed”), especially in view of Latvian kļũtas (“fate”).[1][2]

Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klēh₂w- (“to shut, close, lock; to check, hamper, hem in”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hleutaną[1][2]

  1. to cast lots
  2. to be alotted
  3. to obtain by lot, to beget, to acquire

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hleutō *hleutaų — *hleutai ?
2nd singular *hliutizi *hleutaiz *hleut *hleutazai *hleutaizau
3rd singular *hliutidi *hleutai *hleutadau *hleutadai *hleutaidau
1st dual *hleutōz *hleutaiw — — —
2nd dual *hleutadiz *hleutaidiz *hleutadiz — —
1st plural *hleutamaz *hleutaim — *hleutandai *hleutaindau
2nd plural *hliutid *hleutaid *hliutid *hleutandai *hleutaindau
3rd plural *hleutandi *hleutain *hleutandau *hleutandai *hleutaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlaut *hlutį̄
2nd singular *hlaust *hlutīz
3rd singular *hlaut *hlutī
1st dual *hlutū *hlutīw
2nd dual *hlutudiz *hlutīdiz
1st plural *hlutum *hlutīm
2nd plural *hlutud *hlutīd
3rd plural *hlutun *hlutīn
present past
participles *hleutandz *hlutanaz

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • *hlutjô

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hleutan
    • Old English: hlēotan
    • Old Saxon: hliotan
    • Old High German: hliozan, liozan
  • Old Norse: hljóta
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *leütädäk

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hleutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
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