Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. May be connected to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”); compare Latin clāmō (“to cry, shout”).[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Suffixation?

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxlim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlimmaną[1]

  1. to sound
  2. to growl, roar

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlimmō *hlimmaų — *hlimmai ?
2nd singular *hlimmizi *hlimmaiz *hlimm *hlimmazai *hlimmaizau
3rd singular *hlimmidi *hlimmai *hlimmadau *hlimmadai *hlimmaidau
1st dual *hlimmōz *hlimmaiw — — —
2nd dual *hlimmadiz *hlimmaidiz *hlimmadiz — —
1st plural *hlimmamaz *hlimmaim — *hlimmandai *hlimmaindau
2nd plural *hlimmid *hlimmaid *hlimmid *hlimmandai *hlimmaindau
3rd plural *hlimmandi *hlimmain *hlimmandau *hlimmandai *hlimmaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlamm *hlummį̄
2nd singular *hlammt *hlummīz
3rd singular *hlamm *hlummī
1st dual *hlummū *hlummīw
2nd dual *hlummudiz *hlummīdiz
1st plural *hlummum *hlummīm
2nd plural *hlummud *hlummīd
3rd plural *hlummun *hlummīn
present past
participles *hlimmandz *hlummanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlimman
    • Old English: hlimman, hlymman
    • Old Dutch: *hlimman, *hilman
    • Old High German: hlimman
  • Old Norse: *hlimma (only attested in the preterite hlam)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xlemmanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
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