Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnīpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ-. The root final -p was adopted from the iterative *hnippōną.

Likely related to *knīpaną, but it's unclear how the variation of the initial consonant arose.

Verb

*hnīpaną[1][2]

  1. to pinch, to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnīpō *hnīpaų — *hnīpai ?
2nd singular *hnīpizi *hnīpaiz *hnīp *hnīpazai *hnīpaizau
3rd singular *hnīpidi *hnīpai *hnīpadau *hnīpadai *hnīpaidau
1st dual *hnīpōz *hnīpaiw — — —
2nd dual *hnīpadiz *hnīpaidiz *hnīpadiz — —
1st plural *hnīpamaz *hnīpaim — *hnīpandai *hnīpaindau
2nd plural *hnīpid *hnīpaid *hnīpid *hnīpandai *hnīpaindau
3rd plural *hnīpandi *hnīpain *hnīpandau *hnīpandai *hnīpaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaip *hnipį̄
2nd singular *hnaift *hnipīz
3rd singular *hnaip *hnipī
1st dual *hnipū *hnipīw
2nd dual *hnipudiz *hnipīdiz
1st plural *hnipum *hnipīm
2nd plural *hnipud *hnipīd
3rd plural *hnipun *hnipīn
present past
participles *hnīpandz *hnipanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnīpan
    • Old Saxon: *hnīpan
    • Old Dutch: *nīpen

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnīpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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