Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaisijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hnaisō (“disgrace, shame”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhnɑi.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnaisijaną[1]

  1. to shame, to disgrace

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaisijō *hnaisijaų — *hnaisijai ?
2nd singular *hnaisīsi *hnaisijais *hnaisī *hnaisijasai *hnaisijaisau
3rd singular *hnaisīþi *hnaisijai *hnaisijaþau *hnaisijaþai *hnaisijaiþau
1st dual *hnaisijōs *hnaisijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hnaisijaþiz *hnaisijaiþiz *hnaisijaþiz — —
1st plural *hnaisijamaz *hnaisijaim — *hnaisijanþai *hnaisijainþau
2nd plural *hnaisīþ *hnaisijaiþ *hnaisīþ *hnaisijanþai *hnaisijainþau
3rd plural *hnaisijanþi *hnaisijain *hnaisijanþau *hnaisijanþai *hnaisijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaisidǭ *hnaisidēdį̄
2nd singular *hnaisidēz *hnaisidēdīz
3rd singular *hnaisidē *hnaisidēdī
1st dual *hnaisidēdū *hnaisidēdīw
2nd dual *hnaisidēdudiz *hnaisidēdīdiz
1st plural *hnaisidēdum *hnaisidēdīm
2nd plural *hnaisidēdud *hnaisidēdīd
3rd plural *hnaisidēdun *hnaisidēdīn
present past
participles *hnaisijandz *hnaisidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnaisijan
    • Old High German: *neisen
      • Middle High German: neisen
  • Old Norse: hneisa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnaisjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179
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