Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *knobʰnéh₂-, an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Related to Lithuanian knabt (“to peck”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnappōną

to pick, pluck, tear off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hnapp- against *hnab-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnappō	*hnappǭ	—	*hnappōi	?
2nd singular	*hnappōsi	*hnappōs	*hnappō	*hnappōsai	*hnappōsau
3rd singular	*hnappōþi	*hnappō	*hnappōþau	*hnappōþai	*hnappōþau
1st dual	*hnappōs	*hnappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnappōþiz	*hnappōþiz	*hnappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnappōmaz	*hnappōm	—	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau
2nd plural	*hnappōþ	*hnappōþ	*hnappōþ	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau
3rd plural	*hnappōnþi	*hnappōn	*hnappōnþau	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnappōdǭ	*hnappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnappōdēz	*hnappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnappōdē	*hnappōdēdī
1st dual	*hnappōdēdū	*hnappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnappōdēdudiz	*hnappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnappōdēdum	*hnappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnappōdēdud	*hnappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnappōdēdun	*hnappōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnappōndz	*hnappōdaz

Related terms

*hnuppōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hnappōn
- Old English: hnappian
  - Middle English: nappen
    - English: nap, nab
- Old High German: hnaffezan, hnaffezzan
  - Middle High German: nafzen
    - German: napfezen, nafzen (dialectal)
Old Norse: *hnappa
- Norwegian: nappe (dialectal)
  - Norwegian Bokmål: nappe (dialectal)
- Old Swedish: nappa
  - Swedish: nappa
  - → Finnic:^[1]
    - Estonian: nappama (dialectal)
    - Finnish: napata
    - Ingrian: napata
    - Karelian: ńapata

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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