Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneusaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew-, but presumably interpreted as onomatopoeic judging from the variety in the initial consonants. Forms with initial h- may show interference from Proto-Indo-European *(s)knus- (“to sneeze”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxneu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hneusaną[1]

  1. to sneeze

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hneusō *hneusaų — *hneusai ?
2nd singular *hniusizi *hneusaiz *hneus *hneusazai *hneusaizau
3rd singular *hniusidi *hneusai *hneusadau *hneusadai *hneusaidau
1st dual *hneusōz *hneusaiw — — —
2nd dual *hneusadiz *hneusaidiz *hneusadiz — —
1st plural *hneusamaz *hneusaim — *hneusandai *hneusaindau
2nd plural *hniusid *hneusaid *hniusid *hneusandai *hneusaindau
3rd plural *hneusandi *hneusain *hneusandau *hneusandai *hneusaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaus *hnuzį̄
2nd singular *hnaust *hnuzīz
3rd singular *hnaus *hnuzī
1st dual *hnuzū *hnuzīw
2nd dual *hnuzudiz *hnuzīdiz
1st plural *hnuzum *hnuzīm
2nd plural *hnuzud *hnuzīd
3rd plural *hnuzun *hnuzīn
present past
participles *hneusandz *hnuzanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hneusan
    • Old English: *hnēosan (possibly a loan)
    • Old Saxon: *hniosan
      • Middle Low German: nēsen, neisen
    • Old Dutch: *niesan
    • Old High German: niosan
  • Old Norse: hnjósa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xneusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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