Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōzaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *kroHsos, from Proto-Indo-European *kreHs- (“to stir”).^[1] Compare perhaps Proto-Slavic *krāsà (“beauty”);^[2] see also the related *hrōzijaną (“to touch, move, stir”) for more potential cognates.

Alternatively a vṛddhi derivative of *hrasaną, an otherwise unreflected strong verb from Proto-Indo-European *kres-; compare *hraznō (“wave”) and the causative *hrōzijaną (“to stir”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxrɔː.zɑz/

Adjective

*hrōzaz

active, stirring, moving; agile

Inflection

Declension of *hrōzaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hrōzaz	*hrōzō	*hrōzą, -atō	*hrōzai	*hrōzôz	*hrōzō
accusative	*hrōzanǭ	*hrōzǭ	*hrōzą, -atō	*hrōzanz	*hrōzōz	*hrōzō
genitive	*hrōzas, -is	*hrōzaizōz	*hrōzas, -is	*hrōzaizǫ̂	*hrōzaizǫ̂	*hrōzaizǫ̂
dative	*hrōzammai	*hrōzaizōi	*hrōzammai	*hrōzaimaz	*hrōzaimaz	*hrōzaimaz
instrumental	*hrōzanō	*hrōzaizō	*hrōzanō	*hrōzaimiz	*hrōzaimiz	*hrōzaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hrōzô	*hrōzǭ	*hrōzô	*hrōzaniz	*hrōzōniz	*hrōzōnō
accusative	*hrōzanų	*hrōzōnų	*hrōzô	*hrōzanunz	*hrōzōnunz	*hrōzōnō
genitive	*hrōziniz	*hrōzōniz	*hrōziniz	*hrōzanǫ̂	*hrōzōnǫ̂	*hrōzanǫ̂
dative	*hrōzini	*hrōzōni	*hrōzini	*hrōzammaz	*hrōzōmaz	*hrōzammaz
instrumental	*hrōzinē	*hrōzōnē	*hrōzinē	*hrōzammiz	*hrōzōmiz	*hrōzammiz

Derived terms

*hrōzijaną
*hrōzō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀ
- Old English: hrōr
- Old Saxon: hrōr
  - Middle Low German: rôr, rö̂r, rûr, rôre, rö̂re, rûre (some forms possibly back-formed from Middle Low German rö̂ren)
- Old Dutch: *hrōr, *rōr
  - Middle Dutch: roer
    - Dutch: roer, reur (dialectal)
- Old High German: *hruor, *ruor
  - Middle High German: ruor (in derivatives)
Proto-Norse: ᚺᚱᛟᛉᚨᛉ (hroʀaʀ) (proper name)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrōza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrōzaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrōza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrōzaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189

[1]

[2]