Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hulmô

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kl̥Hmos, likely from an original mn-stem; from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-. Cognate with Latin columen (“summit, peak”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxul.mɑz/

Noun

*hulmaz m

small island, hill, mound

Declension

Declension of *hulmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hulmaz	hulmōz, hulmōs
vocative	*hulm	hulmōz, hulmōs
accusative	*hulmą	*hulmanz
genitive	hulmas, hulmis	*hulmǫ̂
dative	*hulmai	*hulmamaz
instrumental	*hulmō	*hulmamiz

Related terms

*hulliz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *holm
- Old English: holm (meaning influenced by Old Norse holmr)
  - Middle English: holm, holme
    - English: holm
    - Scots: holm, hulm, houm
- Old Saxon: holm
  - Middle Low German: holm
    - Low German: Holm
    - → German: Holm
- Old Dutch: holm
  - Middle Dutch: holm
    - Dutch: holm
Old Norse: holmr
- Icelandic: hólmur
- Faroese: hólmur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: holm, holme; (dialectal) hølm, hølme, hómi, hùlme
- Old Swedish: holmber, hulmber; holme
  - Swedish: holme
- Old Danish: hulm
  - Danish: holm
→ Proto-Slavic: *xъlmъ (from an unknown Germanic language)