Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *geybʰ- (“to quarrel, dispute”). Cognate with Lithuanian gei̇̃bti (“to weaken”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkiː.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kībaną[2]

  1. to quarrel

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kībō *kībaų — *kībai ?
2nd singular *kībizi *kībaiz *kīb *kībazai *kībaizau
3rd singular *kībidi *kībai *kībadau *kībadai *kībaidau
1st dual *kībōz *kībaiw — — —
2nd dual *kībadiz *kībaidiz *kībadiz — —
1st plural *kībamaz *kībaim — *kībandai *kībaindau
2nd plural *kībid *kībaid *kībid *kībandai *kībaindau
3rd plural *kībandi *kībain *kībandau *kībandai *kībaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kaib *kibį̄
2nd singular *kaift *kibīz
3rd singular *kaib *kibī
1st dual *kibū *kibīw
2nd dual *kibudiz *kibīdiz
1st plural *kibum *kibīm
2nd plural *kibud *kibīd
3rd plural *kibun *kibīn
present past
participles *kībandz *kibanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kīban
    • Old Frisian: zīvia
    • Old Saxon: *kīvan
    • Old Dutch: *kīvan
    • Old High German: *kīban
      • Middle High German: kīben
        • German: keifen (influenced by Low and West Central German)
  • Old Norse: kífa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kībōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 287
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