Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karzōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade formation closely related to to the strong verb *kerzaną and iterative verb *kurzōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkur.zɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*karzōną[1]

  1. to creak (of birds)
  2. to grunt
  3. to murmur

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karzō *karzǭ — *karzōi ?
2nd singular *karzōsi *karzōs *karzō *karzōsai *karzōsau
3rd singular *karzōþi *karzō *karzōþau *karzōþai *karzōþau
1st dual *karzōs *karzōw — — —
2nd dual *karzōþiz *karzōþiz *karzōþiz — —
1st plural *karzōmaz *karzōm — *karzōnþai *karzōnþau
2nd plural *karzōþ *karzōþ *karzōþ *karzōnþai *karzōnþau
3rd plural *karzōnþi *karzōn *karzōnþau *karzōnþai *karzōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karzōdǭ *karzōdēdį̄
2nd singular *karzōdēz *karzōdēdīz
3rd singular *karzōdē *karzōdēdī
1st dual *karzōdēdū *karzōdēdīw
2nd dual *karzōdēdudiz *karzōdēdīdiz
1st plural *karzōdēdum *karzōdēdīm
2nd plural *karzōdēdud *karzōdēdīd
3rd plural *karzōdēdun *karzōdēdīn
present past
participles *karzōndz *karzōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *karʀōn
    • Old Saxon: karrōn
    • Old Dutch: *carron
      • Middle Dutch: carren, kerren (likely merged with the descendant of *kerzaną)
    • Old High German: karrōn
  • Old Norse: *karra

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kurzōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313: “*karzōn-”
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