Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry out”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑw.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kawjaną

to call; name

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kawjō	*kawjaų	—	*kawjai	?
2nd singular	*kawisi	*kawjais	*kawi	*kawjasai	*kawjaisau
3rd singular	*kawiþi	*kawjai	*kawjaþau	*kawjaþai	*kawjaiþau
1st dual	*kawjōs	*kawjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kawjaþiz	*kawjaiþiz	*kawjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kawjamaz	*kawjaim	—	*kawjanþai	*kawjainþau
2nd plural	*kawiþ	*kawjaiþ	*kawiþ	*kawjanþai	*kawjainþau
3rd plural	*kawjanþi	*kawjain	*kawjanþau	*kawjanþai	*kawjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kawidǭ	*kawidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kawidēz	*kawidēdīz
3rd singular	*kawidē	*kawidēdī
1st dual	*kawidēdū	*kawidēdīw
2nd dual	*kawidēdudiz	*kawidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kawidēdum	*kawidēdīm
2nd plural	*kawidēdud	*kawidēdīd
3rd plural	*kawidēdun	*kawidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kawjandz	*kawidaz

Related terms

*kewaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kauwjan
- Old English: ċīeġan
  - ⇒ Old English: ġeċīeġan
    - Middle English: ȝeciȝen, icheien
- Old High German: *kewen
  - ⇒ Old High German: gikewen
⇒ Old Norse: *kauka (< *kaukōną?)
- Norwegian: kauka (dialectal)
- Jamtish: kauke
- Helsingian kåuka
→? Proto-Finnic: *kaibait'ak (“complain; lament”) (see there for further descendants)