Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klaimijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *klaimaz (“clay”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈklɑi̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klaimijaną^[1]^[2]

to smear with clay, mortar

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*klaimijō	*klaimijaų	—	*klaimijai	?
2nd singular	*klaimīsi	*klaimijais	*klaimī	*klaimijasai	*klaimijaisau
3rd singular	*klaimīþi	*klaimijai	*klaimijaþau	*klaimijaþai	*klaimijaiþau
1st dual	*klaimijōs	*klaimijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klaimijaþiz	*klaimijaiþiz	*klaimijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*klaimijamaz	*klaimijaim	—	*klaimijanþai	*klaimijainþau
2nd plural	*klaimīþ	*klaimijaiþ	*klaimīþ	*klaimijanþai	*klaimijainþau
3rd plural	*klaimijanþi	*klaimijain	*klaimijanþau	*klaimijanþai	*klaimijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klaimidǭ	*klaimidēdį̄
2nd singular	*klaimidēz	*klaimidēdīz
3rd singular	*klaimidē	*klaimidēdī
1st dual	*klaimidēdū	*klaimidēdīw
2nd dual	*klaimidēdudiz	*klaimidēdīdiz
1st plural	*klaimidēdum	*klaimidēdīm
2nd plural	*klaimidēdud	*klaimidēdīd
3rd plural	*klaimidēdun	*klaimidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*klaimijandz	*klaimidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *klaimijan
- Old English: clǣman
  - Middle English: clemen
    - English: cleam
- Old Dutch: *clēmen
  - Middle Dutch: clêmen
- Old High German: *kleimen
  - ⇒ Old High German: bikleimen (“to stain”)
Old Norse: kleima
- Icelandic: kleima
- Faroese: kleima
- Norwegian Bokmål: kleime
- Elfdalian: kliema

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klaimjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291: “klaimjan”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klaimjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214

[Kroonen-2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 291: “klaimjan”

[1]

[2]