Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *klapōną

Etymology

Onomatopoeic and influenced by (or related to) verbs such as *klupjaną (“to grip, grasp, clasp”), analyzable as *klappaz (“a hit, clap”) +‎ *-ōną (“denominal suffix”).[1] Cognate with Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to knock, clap”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈklɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klappōną

  1. To clap, strike or pound (especially two things against each other)
  2. To make loud noises, especially breathing or pulsating.
  3. To chatter.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klappō *klappǭ — *klappōi ?
2nd singular *klappōsi *klappōs *klappō *klappōsai *klappōsau
3rd singular *klappōþi *klappō *klappōþau *klappōþai *klappōþau
1st dual *klappōs *klappōw — — —
2nd dual *klappōþiz *klappōþiz *klappōþiz — —
1st plural *klappōmaz *klappōm — *klappōnþai *klappōnþau
2nd plural *klappōþ *klappōþ *klappōþ *klappōnþai *klappōnþau
3rd plural *klappōnþi *klappōn *klappōnþau *klappōnþai *klappōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klappōdǭ *klappōdēdį̄
2nd singular *klappōdēz *klappōdēdīz
3rd singular *klappōdē *klappōdēdī
1st dual *klappōdēdū *klappōdēdīw
2nd dual *klappōdēdudiz *klappōdēdīdiz
1st plural *klappōdēdum *klappōdēdīm
2nd plural *klappōdēdud *klappōdēdīd
3rd plural *klappōdēdun *klappōdēdīn
present past
participles *klappōndz *klappōdaz
  • *klappą
  • *klappaz
  • *klipjaną
  • *kluppōną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *klappōn
    • Old English: clappian
    • Old Frisian: klappia
    • Old Saxon: *klappōn (klapōn)
    • Old Dutch: *klappon
    • Old High German: klaffōn, klapfōn, chlaphōn (← *klapōną)
  • Old Norse: klappa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klappōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
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