Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knusōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Orel suggests an onomatopoeic origin.[1] Compare also West Germanic *knussjan.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈknu.sɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*knusōną[1]

  1. to strike
  2. to bruise

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *knusō *knusǭ *knusōi ?
2nd singular *knusōsi *knusōs *knusō *knusōsai *knusōsau
3rd singular *knusōþi *knusō *knusōþau *knusōþai *knusōþau
1st dual *knusōs *knusōw
2nd dual *knusōþiz *knusōþiz *knusōþiz
1st plural *knusōmaz *knusōm *knusōnþai *knusōnþau
2nd plural *knusōþ *knusōþ *knusōþ *knusōnþai *knusōnþau
3rd plural *knusōnþi *knusōn *knusōnþau *knusōnþai *knusōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *knusōdǭ *knusōdēdį̄
2nd singular *knusōdēz *knusōdēdīz
3rd singular *knusōdē *knusōdēdī
1st dual *knusōdēdū *knusōdēdīw
2nd dual *knusōdēdudiz *knusōdēdīdiz
1st plural *knusōdēdum *knusōdēdīm
2nd plural *knusōdēdud *knusōdēdīd
3rd plural *knusōdēdun *knusōdēdīn
present past
participles *knusōndz *knusōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *knosōn
    • Old English: cnossian
    • Old Saxon: *knosōn
      • Middle Low German: knōsen
    • Old Dutch: *cnoson
      • Middle Dutch: cnōsen
  • Old Norse: knosa, *knusa
    • Icelandic: knosa
    • Norwegian:
      Norwegian Bokmål: knuse
      Norwegian Nynorsk: knuse, knusa
    • Swedish: knusa, knosa, knossa
    • Danish: knuse

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*knusjanan ~ knusōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219