Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krunkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (to turn, fall).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkruŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krunkōną

  1. to turn, wind

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krunk- against non-singular *krung-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krunkō *krunkǭ *krunkōi ?
2nd singular *krunkōsi *krunkōs *krunkō *krunkōsai *krunkōsau
3rd singular *krunkōþi *krunkō *krunkōþau *krunkōþai *krunkōþau
1st dual *krunkōs *krunkōw
2nd dual *krunkōþiz *krunkōþiz *krunkōþiz
1st plural *krunkōmaz *krunkōm *krunkōnþai *krunkōnþau
2nd plural *krunkōþ *krunkōþ *krunkōþ *krunkōnþai *krunkōnþau
3rd plural *krunkōnþi *krunkōn *krunkōnþau *krunkōnþai *krunkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krunkōdǭ *krunkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *krunkōdēz *krunkōdēdīz
3rd singular *krunkōdē *krunkōdēdī
1st dual *krunkōdēdū *krunkōdēdīw
2nd dual *krunkōdēdudiz *krunkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *krunkōdēdum *krunkōdēdīm
2nd plural *krunkōdēdud *krunkōdēdīd
3rd plural *krunkōdēdun *krunkōdēdīn
present past
participles *krunkōndz *krunkōdaz

Descendants

  • (English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)
  • Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)

References

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN