Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krunkōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkruŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*krunkōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krunk- against non-singular *krung-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *krunkō | *krunkǭ | — | *krunkōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *krunkōsi | *krunkōs | *krunkō | *krunkōsai | *krunkōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *krunkōþi | *krunkō | *krunkōþau | *krunkōþai | *krunkōþau | |
| 1st dual | *krunkōs | *krunkōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *krunkōþiz | *krunkōþiz | *krunkōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *krunkōmaz | *krunkōm | — | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *krunkōþ | *krunkōþ | *krunkōþ | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *krunkōnþi | *krunkōn | *krunkōnþau | *krunkōnþai | *krunkōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *krunkōdǭ | *krunkōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *krunkōdēz | *krunkōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *krunkōdē | *krunkōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *krunkōdēdū | *krunkōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *krunkōdēdudiz | *krunkōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *krunkōdēdum | *krunkōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *krunkōdēdud | *krunkōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *krunkōdēdun | *krunkōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *krunkōndz | *krunkōdaz | ||||
Descendants
- (English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)
- Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN