Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kukjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Most likely onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkuk.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kukjaną[1][2]

  1. to kiss

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kukjō *kukjaų — *kukjai ?
2nd singular *kukisi *kukjais *kuki *kukjasai *kukjaisau
3rd singular *kukiþi *kukjai *kukjaþau *kukjaþai *kukjaiþau
1st dual *kukjōs *kukjaiw — — —
2nd dual *kukjaþiz *kukjaiþiz *kukjaþiz — —
1st plural *kukjamaz *kukjaim — *kukjanþai *kukjainþau
2nd plural *kukiþ *kukjaiþ *kukiþ *kukjanþai *kukjainþau
3rd plural *kukjanþi *kukjain *kukjanþau *kukjanþai *kukjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kukidǭ *kukidēdį̄
2nd singular *kukidēz *kukidēdīz
3rd singular *kukidē *kukidēdī
1st dual *kukidēdū *kukidēdīw
2nd dual *kukidēdudiz *kukidēdīdiz
1st plural *kukidēdum *kukidēdīm
2nd plural *kukidēdud *kukidēdīd
3rd plural *kukidēdun *kukidēdīn
present past
participles *kukjandz *kukidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kukkjan
    • Old Saxon: *kukkian
      • Middle Low German: kükken
        • Low German: kükken
          • →? Dutch: kukken
  • Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kukjan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kukjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kukjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
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