Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwistijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kwistiz (“damage, destruction”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʷis.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwistijaną^[1]^[2]

to destroy

Conjugation

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwistijō	*kwistijaų	—	*kwistijai	?
2nd singular	*kwistīsi	*kwistijais	*kwistī	*kwistijasai	*kwistijaisau
3rd singular	*kwistīþi	*kwistijai	*kwistijaþau	*kwistijaþai	*kwistijaiþau
1st dual	*kwistijōs	*kwistijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwistijaþiz	*kwistijaiþiz	*kwistijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwistijamaz	*kwistijaim	—	*kwistijanþai	*kwistijainþau
2nd plural	*kwistīþ	*kwistijaiþ	*kwistīþ	*kwistijanþai	*kwistijainþau
3rd plural	*kwistijanþi	*kwistijain	*kwistijanþau	*kwistijanþai	*kwistijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwistidǭ	*kwistidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwistidēz	*kwistidēdīz
3rd singular	*kwistidē	*kwistidēdī
1st dual	*kwistidēdū	*kwistidēdīw
2nd dual	*kwistidēdudiz	*kwistidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwistidēdum	*kwistidēdīm
2nd plural	*kwistidēdud	*kwistidēdīd
3rd plural	*kwistidēdun	*kwistidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kwistijandz	*kwistidaz

Derived terms

*frakwistijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kwistijan
- Old Saxon: *quistian
  - Middle Low German: quisten
- Old Dutch: *quisten
  - Middle Dutch: quisten
    - Dutch: kwisten
- Old High German: *quisten
  - ⇒ Old High German: firquisten
  - ⇒ Old High German: irquisten
Old Norse: *kvista
- Danish: quista (dialectal)
Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (qistjan)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwestjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwisti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320: “*kwestjan-”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwestjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwisti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320: “*kwestjan-”

[1]

[2]