Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nakwadaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked, bare”); see there for the cognates.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈnɑ.kʷɑ.ðɑz/

Adjective

*nakwadaz

  1. naked
    Synonyms: *bazaz, *blautaz

Inflection

Declension of *nakwadaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *nakwadaz *nakwadō *nakwadą, -atō *nakwadai *nakwadôz *nakwadō
accusative *nakwadanǭ *nakwadǭ *nakwadą, -atō *nakwadanz *nakwadōz *nakwadō
genitive *nakwadas, -is *nakwadaizōz *nakwadas, -is *nakwadaizǫ̂ *nakwadaizǫ̂ *nakwadaizǫ̂
dative *nakwadammai *nakwadaizōi *nakwadammai *nakwadaimaz *nakwadaimaz *nakwadaimaz
instrumental *nakwadanō *nakwadaizō *nakwadanō *nakwadaimiz *nakwadaimiz *nakwadaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *nakwadô *nakwadǭ *nakwadô *nakwadaniz *nakwadōniz *nakwadōnō
accusative *nakwadanų *nakwadōnų *nakwadô *nakwadanunz *nakwadōnunz *nakwadōnō
genitive *nakwadiniz *nakwadōniz *nakwadiniz *nakwadanǫ̂ *nakwadōnǫ̂ *nakwadanǫ̂
dative *nakwadini *nakwadōni *nakwadini *nakwadammaz *nakwadōmaz *nakwadammaz
instrumental *nakwadinē *nakwadōnē *nakwadinē *nakwadammiz *nakwadōmiz *nakwadammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *nak(k)wad
    • Old English: nacod
    • Old Frisian: nakad, naked
    • Old Saxon: *nakod
    • Old Dutch: nacot
    • Old High German: nackot, nachot
  • Old Norse: nakinn, nǫkkviðr (possibly derived from an unattested verb, or else reanalysed as though it were)
    • Icelandic: nakinn
    • Faroese: nakin
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: naken, nakin
    • Norwegian Bokmål: naken
    • Elfdalian: nakun
    • Old Swedish: nakin; nakudher, naqvidher
    • Old Danish: nøkæn
      • Danish: nøgen; (dialectal) nagen
        • Norwegian Bokmål: nøken
    • Gutnish: naken, nakuer, nåkur, nåkvar, nåkugur, nåkagur
    • Scanian: nægen, nǫgen
  • Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nakwe/ada-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
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