Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/neþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*nēþaną^[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *net-.^[2] Related to Proto-Tocharian *nete (“might, strength”) and Sanskrit नाथ् (nāth, “to seek aid”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈne.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*neþaną^[2]^[3]

to help, support, grant safety

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 5)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*neþō	*neþaų	—	*neþai	?
2nd singular	*niþizi	*neþaiz	*neþ	*neþazai	*neþaizau
3rd singular	*niþidi	*neþai	*neþadau	*neþadai	*neþaidau
1st dual	*neþōz	*neþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*neþadiz	*neþaidiz	*neþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*neþamaz	*neþaim	—	*neþandai	*neþaindau
2nd plural	*niþid	*neþaid	*niþid	*neþandai	*neþaindau
3rd plural	*neþandi	*neþain	*neþandau	*neþandai	*neþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*naþ	*nēdį̄
2nd singular	*nast	*nēdīz
3rd singular	*naþ	*nēdī
1st dual	*nēdū	*nēdīw
2nd dual	*nēdudiz	*nēdīdiz
1st plural	*nēdum	*nēdīm
2nd plural	*nēdud	*nēdīd
3rd plural	*nēdun	*nēdīn

	present	past
participles	*neþandz	*nedanaz

Related terms

*nēþō
*niþjaz

Descendants

Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nēþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 287
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*neþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “NEÞ-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 360

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nēþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 287

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*neþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “NEÞ-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 360

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