Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niþerōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *niþer (“lower”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈni.θɛ.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*niþerōną[1]

  1. to make lower
  2. to humiliate

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *niþerō *niþerǭ — *niþerōi ?
2nd singular *niþerōsi *niþerōs *niþerō *niþerōsai *niþerōsau
3rd singular *niþerōþi *niþerō *niþerōþau *niþerōþai *niþerōþau
1st dual *niþerōs *niþerōw — — —
2nd dual *niþerōþiz *niþerōþiz *niþerōþiz — —
1st plural *niþerōmaz *niþerōm — *niþerōnþai *niþerōnþau
2nd plural *niþerōþ *niþerōþ *niþerōþ *niþerōnþai *niþerōnþau
3rd plural *niþerōnþi *niþerōn *niþerōnþau *niþerōnþai *niþerōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *niþerōdǭ *niþerōdēdį̄
2nd singular *niþerōdēz *niþerōdēdīz
3rd singular *niþerōdē *niþerōdēdī
1st dual *niþerōdēdū *niþerōdēdīw
2nd dual *niþerōdēdudiz *niþerōdēdīdiz
1st plural *niþerōdēdum *niþerōdēdīm
2nd plural *niþerōdēdud *niþerōdēdīd
3rd plural *niþerōdēdun *niþerōdēdīn
present past
participles *niþerōndz *niþerōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *niþarōn
    • Old English: niþerian, neþerian, nyþerian
    • Old Saxon: nitherōn
    • Old Dutch: *nitheron
  • Old Norse: niðra

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*niþrōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288
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