Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ninþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *nent-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nant- (“to fight, dare”).^[1]^[2] Related to Old Irish néit (“battle, combat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnin.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ninþaną^[3]^[4]

to dare, venture

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*ninþō	*ninþaų	—	*ninþai	?
2nd singular	*ninþizi	*ninþaiz	*ninþ	*ninþazai	*ninþaizau
3rd singular	*ninþidi	*ninþai	*ninþadau	*ninþadai	*ninþaidau
1st dual	*ninþōz	*ninþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ninþadiz	*ninþaidiz	*ninþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*ninþamaz	*ninþaim	—	*ninþandai	*ninþaindau
2nd plural	*ninþid	*ninþaid	*ninþid	*ninþandai	*ninþaindau
3rd plural	*ninþandi	*ninþain	*ninþandau	*ninþandai	*ninþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nanþ	*nundį̄
2nd singular	*nanst	*nundīz
3rd singular	*nanþ	*nundī
1st dual	*nundū	*nundīw
2nd dual	*nundudiz	*nundīdiz
1st plural	*nundum	*nundīm
2nd plural	*nundud	*nundīd
3rd plural	*nundun	*nundīn

	present	past
participles	*ninþandz	*nundanaz

Related terms

*nanþaz
*nanþijaną
*nanþō

Descendants

Old High German: *nindan, ginindan

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “755”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 755
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 201
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ninþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 391
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nenþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “755”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 755

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 201

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ninþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 391

[4] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*nenþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

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