Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pranganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Further etymological connections are unclear. Pokorny and Kroonen suggest a connection with Lithuanian branktas (“swingletree”) and Latvian brankti (“adjacent”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈprɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*pranganą^[1]^[2]

to press

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7c)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*prangō	*prangaų	—	*prangai	?
2nd singular	*prangizi	*prangaiz	*prang	*prangazai	*prangaizau
3rd singular	*prangidi	*prangai	*prangadau	*prangadai	*prangaidau
1st dual	*prangōz	*prangaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*prangadiz	*prangaidiz	*prangadiz	—	—
1st plural	*prangamaz	*prangaim	—	*prangandai	*prangaindau
2nd plural	*prangid	*prangaid	*prangid	*prangandai	*prangaindau
3rd plural	*prangandi	*prangain	*prangandau	*prangandai	*prangaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*preprang	*preprangį̄
2nd singular	*prepranht	*preprangīz
3rd singular	*preprang	*preprangī
1st dual	*preprangū	*preprangīw
2nd dual	*preprangudiz	*preprangīdiz
1st plural	*preprangum	*preprangīm
2nd plural	*preprangud	*preprangīd
3rd plural	*preprangun	*preprangīn

	present	past
participles	*prangandz	*pranganaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *prangan
- Old Saxon: *prangan
  - Middle Low German: prangen
- Old Dutch: *prangan
  - Middle Dutch: prangen
    - Dutch: prangen
      - ⇒ Dutch: prangend
- Old High German: *phrangan
  - Middle High German: phrengen, phrangen
    - German: pfrengen (obsolete)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: pranger (with West Central German consonantism)
      - German: Pranger
Gothic: *𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*praggan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (anapraggan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*prangan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*prang(j)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*prangan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*prang(j)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293

[1]

[2]