Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīdaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hreydʰ- (“to set in motion, ride”), likely a suffixed form of *h₃reyH- (“to move, churn”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *reideti (“to ride”) (whence Old Irish réidid (“to ride, drive”), ríad (“ride”, noun)), Proto-Celtic *reidis (“easy, smooth”), Lithuanian riedė́ti (“to roll”),^[1] raidù (“quick”), and Latvian raĩdît (“to send hastily, urge, (reflexive) hurry”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈriː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rīdaną^[1]^[2]

to ride

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rīdō	*rīdaų	—	*rīdai	?
2nd singular	*rīdizi	*rīdaiz	*rīd	*rīdazai	*rīdaizau
3rd singular	*rīdidi	*rīdai	*rīdadau	*rīdadai	*rīdaidau
1st dual	*rīdōz	*rīdaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rīdadiz	*rīdaidiz	*rīdadiz	—	—
1st plural	*rīdamaz	*rīdaim	—	*rīdandai	*rīdaindau
2nd plural	*rīdid	*rīdaid	*rīdid	*rīdandai	*rīdaindau
3rd plural	*rīdandi	*rīdain	*rīdandau	*rīdandai	*rīdaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*raid	*ridį̄
2nd singular	*raist	*ridīz
3rd singular	*raid	*ridī
1st dual	*ridū	*ridīw
2nd dual	*ridudiz	*ridīdiz
1st plural	*ridum	*ridīm
2nd plural	*ridud	*ridīd
3rd plural	*ridun	*ridīn

	present	past
participles	*rīdandz	*ridanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rīdan
- Old English: rīdan
  - Middle English: riden, ryden
    - Scots: ryde, ride
    - English: ride
- Old Frisian: rīda
  - North Frisian: ride
  - Saterland Frisian: riede
  - West Frisian: ride
- Old Saxon: rīdan
  - Middle Low German: riden
    - Low German: rieden
    - Plautdietsch: rieden
- Old Dutch: rīdan
  - Middle Dutch: riden
    - Dutch: rijden
    - Limburgish: rieje
- Old High German: rītan
  - Middle High German: rīten
    - German: reiten
    - Hunsrik: reide
    - Luxembourgish: reiden
Proto-Norse:
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚱᛁᛞᚨᛉ (*ridaʀ)
  - Old Norse: -ríðr
    - Old Norse: Atríðr, Fráríðr
- Old Norse: ríða
  - Icelandic: ríða
  - Faroese: ríða
  - Norn: riða
  - Norwegian: ride, rida, ri
  - Old Swedish: rīþa
    - Swedish: rida
  - Old Danish: rithæ
    - Danish: ride
  - Gutnish: reide, reid', reida

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rīdan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rīdan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[1]

[2]