Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ruppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *Hrupnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *reufaną (“to break off, open”).^[1]

Verb

*ruppōną^[1]

to tear off
to rub

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *rupp- against non-singular *rub-

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*ruppō	*ruppǭ	—	*ruppōi	?
2nd singular	*ruppōsi	*ruppōs	*ruppō	*ruppōsai	*ruppōsau
3rd singular	*ruppōþi	*ruppō	*ruppōþau	*ruppōþai	*ruppōþau
1st dual	*ruppōs	*ruppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*ruppōmaz	*ruppōm	—	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
2nd plural	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
3rd plural	*ruppōnþi	*ruppōn	*ruppōnþau	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ruppōdǭ	*ruppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*ruppōdēz	*ruppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*ruppōdē	*ruppōdēdī
1st dual	*ruppōdēdū	*ruppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*ruppōdēdudiz	*ruppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*ruppōdēdum	*ruppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*ruppōdēdud	*ruppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*ruppōdēdun	*ruppōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*ruppōndz	*ruppōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ruppōn
- >? Old English: *rubbian
  - Middle English: rubben (possibly borrowed)
    - English: rub
- Old Frisian: *robbia
  - Saterland Frisian: robje
- Old Saxon: *roppōn
  - Middle Low German: roppen
    - Low German: rubben
- Old Dutch: *roppon
  - Middle Dutch: roppen
    - Dutch: roppen, robben, rubben
- Old High German: ropfōn, *ruphōn
  - Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen
    - German: rupfen
    - Luxembourgish: rappen
Old Norse: ruppa, *rubba
- Icelandic: rubba
- Norwegian:
  Norwegian Bokmål: rubbe
  
  Norwegian Nynorsk: rubbe, rubba
- Swedish: rubba
- Danish: rubbe

Etymology 2

An iterative verb likely of onomatopoeic origin.^[2]

Verb

*ruppōną^[2]

to burp, belch

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *rupp- against non-singular *rup-

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*ruppō	*ruppǭ	—	*ruppōi	?
2nd singular	*ruppōsi	*ruppōs	*ruppō	*ruppōsai	*ruppōsau
3rd singular	*ruppōþi	*ruppō	*ruppōþau	*ruppōþai	*ruppōþau
1st dual	*ruppōs	*ruppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*ruppōmaz	*ruppōm	—	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
2nd plural	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
3rd plural	*ruppōnþi	*ruppōn	*ruppōnþau	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ruppōdǭ	*ruppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*ruppōdēz	*ruppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*ruppōdē	*ruppōdēdī
1st dual	*ruppōdēdū	*ruppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*ruppōdēdudiz	*ruppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*ruppōdēdum	*ruppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*ruppōdēdud	*ruppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*ruppōdēdun	*ruppōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*ruppōndz	*ruppōdaz

Derived terms

*rupatjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *roppōn
- Old Dutch: *roppon
  - Middle Dutch: roppen, ruppen
    - Dutch: roppen
- Old High German: *ropfōn
  - Middle High German: ropfen
Old Norse: ropa
- Icelandic: ropa
- Faroese: ropa

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rupp/bon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rup(p)on-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418

[Kroonen_1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rupp/bon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418

[Kroonen_2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rup(p)on-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418

[1]

[2]