Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sindraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, dross”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”), Serbo-Croatian седра (sedra, “calcareous incrustation, tuff”).

Noun

*sindraz m

(metallurgy) metal slag; dross

Inflection

Declension of *sindraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sindraz	sindrōz, sindrōs
vocative	*sindr	sindrōz, sindrōs
accusative	*sindrą	*sindranz
genitive	sindras, sindris	*sindrǫ̂
dative	*sindrai	*sindramaz
instrumental	*sindrō	*sindramiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sindr
- Old English: sinder
  - Middle English: sinder, cinder
    - Scots: sinder
    - English: cinder
- Old Saxon: sinder
  - Middle Low German: sinder, sinter, sünder; sindel
    - → West Frisian: sindel, sintel
- Old Dutch: *sindar
  - Middle Dutch: sinder
    - Dutch: sinder (obsolete)
    - Flemish: zinder
- Old High German: sindar, sintar; sindir, sintir
  - Middle High German: sinder, sinter; sintel
    - German: Sinter
      - → English: sinter
    - → Middle Dutch: sintel
      - Dutch: sintel
- → Old French: sendre
Old Norse: sindr
- Icelandic: sindur
- Norwegian: sinder
- Old Swedish: sinder
  - Swedish: sinder
- Danish: sinder