Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *skoknéh₂-, an iterative to *skehaną (“to move quickly”), *skakaną (“to shake”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skakkōną

  1. (West Germanic) to shake

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stems, singular *skakk- against non-singular *skag-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skakkō *skakkǭ — *skakkōi ?
2nd singular *skakkōsi *skakkōs *skakkō *skakkōsai *skakkōsau
3rd singular *skakkōþi *skakkō *skakkōþau *skakkōþai *skakkōþau
1st dual *skakkōs *skakkōw — — —
2nd dual *skakkōþiz *skakkōþiz *skakkōþiz — —
1st plural *skakkōmaz *skakkōm — *skakkōnþai *skakkōnþau
2nd plural *skakkōþ *skakkōþ *skakkōþ *skakkōnþai *skakkōnþau
3rd plural *skakkōnþi *skakkōn *skakkōnþau *skakkōnþai *skakkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skakkōdǭ *skakkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *skakkōdēz *skakkōdēdīz
3rd singular *skakkōdē *skakkōdēdī
1st dual *skakkōdēdū *skakkōdēdīw
2nd dual *skakkōdēdudiz *skakkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *skakkōdēdum *skakkōdēdīm
2nd plural *skakkōdēdud *skakkōdēdīd
3rd plural *skakkōdēdun *skakkōdēdīn
present past
participles *skakkōndz *skakkōdaz

Descendants

  • Middle English: schaggen
  • Middle High German: schacken

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skakk/gōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439
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