Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaljō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skolH-yeh₂, from *(s)kelH- (“to split, part, divide”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑl.jɔː/

Noun

*skaljō f

shell; husk; rind; peel

Inflection

Declension of *skaljō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skaljō	*skaljôz
vocative	*skaljō	*skaljôz
accusative	*skaljǭ	*skaljōz
genitive	*skaljōz	*skaljǫ̂
dative	*skaljōi	*skaljōmaz
instrumental	*skaljō	*skaljōmiz

Related terms

*skalō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skallju
- Old English: sċiell, sċiel, sċyll, sċyl, sċill, sċil, sċell, sċel
  - Middle English: schelle
    - English: shell
    - Scots: schel, schell
- Old Frisian: *skell, *skill
  - Saterland Frisian: Skeele, Skiele
  - West Frisian: skyl
- Old Saxon: *skellia
  - Middle Low German: schelle, schille
    - German Low German: Schille, Schill
    - → German: Schellfisch (compound)
- Old Dutch: *skella
  - Middle Dutch: scelle, scille, schelle
    - Dutch: schil, schel
      - Afrikaans: skel, skil
      - Negerhollands: skel
    - → Middle English: schelle, schele, shelle, scille (“scale, outer layer, surface chip”)
- Old High German: *skella
  - Middle High German: schelle (Central German)
- → Friulian: scae
- → Old French: escaille, eschaille, escalle
  - Middle French: escaille, eschaille, esquaille, escalle
    - French: écaille
  - → Middle English: shelle, schelle, scele (“vessel, dish, drinking vessel”)
- → Italian: scaglia
- → Piedmontese: scaja
- → Venetan: scaja
Old Norse: skel
- Icelandic: skel
- Faroese: skel
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skjel
- Danish: skæl n
  - Norwegian Bokmål: skjell
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (skalja)
→ Proto-Samic: *(s)kālčō (see there for further descendants)