Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuwwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skuwwô (“shadow, reflection”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskuw.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skuwwijaną^[1]^[2]

to give shade, to overshadow

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skuwwijō	*skuwwijaų	—	*skuwwijai	?
2nd singular	*skuwwīsi	*skuwwijais	*skuwwī	*skuwwijasai	*skuwwijaisau
3rd singular	*skuwwīþi	*skuwwijai	*skuwwijaþau	*skuwwijaþai	*skuwwijaiþau
1st dual	*skuwwijōs	*skuwwijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skuwwijaþiz	*skuwwijaiþiz	*skuwwijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skuwwijamaz	*skuwwijaim	—	*skuwwijanþai	*skuwwijainþau
2nd plural	*skuwwīþ	*skuwwijaiþ	*skuwwīþ	*skuwwijanþai	*skuwwijainþau
3rd plural	*skuwwijanþi	*skuwwijain	*skuwwijanþau	*skuwwijanþai	*skuwwijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skuwwidǭ	*skuwwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skuwwidēz	*skuwwidēdīz
3rd singular	*skuwwidē	*skuwwidēdī
1st dual	*skuwwidēdū	*skuwwidēdīw
2nd dual	*skuwwidēdudiz	*skuwwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skuwwidēdum	*skuwwidēdīm
2nd plural	*skuwwidēdud	*skuwwidēdīd
3rd plural	*skuwwidēdun	*skuwwidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skuwwijandz	*skuwwidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skūwijan
- Old English: *sċȳwan
  - ⇒ Old English: *āsċȳwan
    - ⇒ Old English: āsċȳwung
  - ⇒ Old English: *foresċȳwan
    - ⇒ Old English: foresċȳwung
- Old High German: skūwen, skūen
Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚲᚢᚷᚹᛁᛃᚨᚾ (*skugwijan /⁠skuggwijan⁠/)
- Old Norse: skyggva, skyggja
  - Icelandic: skyggja
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: skyggja
  - Old Swedish: skygga
    - Swedish: skygga
  - Danish: skygge
    - Norwegian Bokmål: skygge

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skuwwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452: “*skuwwjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skuwwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skuwwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452: “*skuwwjan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skuwwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347

[1]

[2]