Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spangijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *spangǭ (“spangle, clasp, fastening”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spangijaną^[1]

to spangle, to clasp together
to limit, to constrain

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spangijō	*spangijaų	—	*spangijai	?
2nd singular	*spangīsi	*spangijais	*spangī	*spangijasai	*spangijaisau
3rd singular	*spangīþi	*spangijai	*spangijaþau	*spangijaþai	*spangijaiþau
1st dual	*spangijōs	*spangijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spangijaþiz	*spangijaiþiz	*spangijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spangijamaz	*spangijaim	—	*spangijanþai	*spangijainþau
2nd plural	*spangīþ	*spangijaiþ	*spangīþ	*spangijanþai	*spangijainþau
3rd plural	*spangijanþi	*spangijain	*spangijanþau	*spangijanþai	*spangijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spangidǭ	*spangidēdį̄
2nd singular	*spangidēz	*spangidēdīz
3rd singular	*spangidē	*spangidēdī
1st dual	*spangidēdū	*spangidēdīw
2nd dual	*spangidēdudiz	*spangidēdīdiz
1st plural	*spangidēdum	*spangidēdīm
2nd plural	*spangidēdud	*spangidēdīd
3rd plural	*spangidēdun	*spangidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*spangijandz	*spangidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *spangijan
- Old Saxon: *spengian
  - Middle Low German: spengen
- Old Dutch: *spengen
  - Middle Dutch: spengen
- Old High German: *spengen
  - Middle High German: spengen
Old Norse: spengja
- Icelandic: spengja

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spanʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spanʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361

[1]