Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spuþþōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *sputtōną

Etymology

From *spuþþą, *spuþþaz (“mockery”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈspuθ.θɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spuþþōną[1]

  1. to mock, deride, ridicule

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spuþþō *spuþþǭ — *spuþþōi ?
2nd singular *spuþþōsi *spuþþōs *spuþþō *spuþþōsai *spuþþōsau
3rd singular *spuþþōþi *spuþþō *spuþþōþau *spuþþōþai *spuþþōþau
1st dual *spuþþōs *spuþþōw — — —
2nd dual *spuþþōþiz *spuþþōþiz *spuþþōþiz — —
1st plural *spuþþōmaz *spuþþōm — *spuþþōnþai *spuþþōnþau
2nd plural *spuþþōþ *spuþþōþ *spuþþōþ *spuþþōnþai *spuþþōnþau
3rd plural *spuþþōnþi *spuþþōn *spuþþōnþau *spuþþōnþai *spuþþōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spuþþōdǭ *spuþþōdēdį̄
2nd singular *spuþþōdēz *spuþþōdēdīz
3rd singular *spuþþōdē *spuþþōdēdī
1st dual *spuþþōdēdū *spuþþōdēdīw
2nd dual *spuþþōdēdudiz *spuþþōdēdīdiz
1st plural *spuþþōdēdum *spuþþōdēdīm
2nd plural *spuþþōdēdud *spuþþōdēdīd
3rd plural *spuþþōdēdun *spuþþōdēdīn
present past
participles *spuþþōndz *spuþþōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *spoþþōn, *spottōn
    • Old Frisian: spottia
      • West Frisian: spotte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
    • Old Saxon: *spottōn
    • Old Dutch: *spotton
    • Old High German: spottōn
  • Old Norse: spotta

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spuþþōjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
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