Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to beat, push”).

Verb

*stukōną

to push, to thrust

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stukō	*stukǭ	—	*stukōi	?
2nd singular	*stukōsi	*stukōs	*stukō	*stukōsai	*stukōsau
3rd singular	*stukōþi	*stukō	*stukōþau	*stukōþai	*stukōþau
1st dual	*stukōs	*stukōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	*stukōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stukōmaz	*stukōm	—	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
2nd plural	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōþ	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau
3rd plural	*stukōnþi	*stukōn	*stukōnþau	*stukōnþai	*stukōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stukōdǭ	*stukōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*stukōdēz	*stukōdēdīz
3rd singular	*stukōdē	*stukōdēdī
1st dual	*stukōdēdū	*stukōdēdīw
2nd dual	*stukōdēdudiz	*stukōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*stukōdēdum	*stukōdēdīm
2nd plural	*stukōdēdud	*stukōdēdīd
3rd plural	*stukōdēdun	*stukōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*stukōndz	*stukōdaz

Related terms

*stukjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stokōn
- >? Old English: *stocian
  - Middle English: stoken (possibly a borrowing)
    - English: stoke
- Old Saxon: *stokon
  - Middle Low German: stōken, stȫken, stöcken
    - ⇒ German Low German: stökeln; stökern
- Old Dutch: *stokon
  - Middle Dutch: stōken
    - Dutch: stoken
      - Afrikaans: stook
    - → Old French: estoquer; estochier
      - Middle French: estoquer
        French: estoquer
        Spanish: estoquear
- >? Old High German: *stohhōn
  - >? Middle High German: *stochen
    - German: stochen (since 15th c., possibly from Low German)
      - ⇒ German: stochern
Old Norse: *stoka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stauka