Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stultaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stl̥-to-s, from *stel- (“to place, stand”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstul.tɑz/

Adjective

*stultaz

Inflection

Declension of *stultaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*stultaz	*stultō	*stultą, -atō	*stultai	*stultôz	*stultō
accusative	*stultanǭ	*stultǭ	*stultą, -atō	*stultanz	*stultōz	*stultō
genitive	*stultas, -is	*stultaizōz	*stultas, -is	*stultaizǫ̂	*stultaizǫ̂	*stultaizǫ̂
dative	*stultammai	*stultaizōi	*stultammai	*stultaimaz	*stultaimaz	*stultaimaz
instrumental	*stultanō	*stultaizō	*stultanō	*stultaimiz	*stultaimiz	*stultaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*stultô	*stultǭ	*stultô	*stultaniz	*stultōniz	*stultōnō
accusative	*stultanų	*stultōnų	*stultô	*stultanunz	*stultōnunz	*stultōnō
genitive	*stultiniz	*stultōniz	*stultiniz	*stultanǫ̂	*stultōnǫ̂	*stultanǫ̂
dative	*stultini	*stultōni	*stultini	*stultammaz	*stultōmaz	*stultammaz
instrumental	*stultinē	*stultōnē	*stultinē	*stultammiz	*stultōmiz	*stultammiz

Derived terms

*stultijaną

Descendants

Old English: *stolt (found in derivative styltan)
Old Frisian: stult, stolt
- North Frisian: stolt
- Saterland Frisian: stolt
Old Saxon: *stolt
- Middle Low German: stolt
  - Low German: stolt
Frankish: *stult, *stolt; *stultatjan
- Old Dutch: *stolt
  - Middle Dutch: stolt, stout
    - Dutch: stout
      - Afrikaans: stout
      - → Danish: stovt
- → Old French: estolt, estout, estot, estut; estoutie, estutie, estotie; estoutoier, estotier
  - Middle French: estout
    - French: stout (dialectal)
  - → Middle English: stout; stoteye; stotaien, stotayen
    - English: stout; stoteye; stotay
      - → French: stout
- → Old Occitan: estolt, estout
  - Occitan: estout
Old High German: stolz
- Middle High German: stolz
  - German: stolz
  - Hunsrik: stols
  - Vilamovian: śtułc
  - Yiddish: שטאָלץ (shtolts)
Old Norse: stoltr
- Icelandic: stoltur
- Faroese: stoltur
- Norwegian Bokmål: stolt
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stolt
- Old Swedish: stolter
  - Swedish: stolt
- Danish: stolt