Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumarōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *sumaraz (summer) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsum.mɑ.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sumarōną[1]

  1. to become summer
  2. to spend the summer

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sumarō *sumarǭ *sumarōi ?
2nd singular *sumarōsi *sumarōs *sumarō *sumarōsai *sumarōsau
3rd singular *sumarōþi *sumarō *sumarōþau *sumarōþai *sumarōþau
1st dual *sumarōs *sumarōw
2nd dual *sumarōþiz *sumarōþiz *sumarōþiz
1st plural *sumarōmaz *sumarōm *sumarōnþai *sumarōnþau
2nd plural *sumarōþ *sumarōþ *sumarōþ *sumarōnþai *sumarōnþau
3rd plural *sumarōnþi *sumarōn *sumarōnþau *sumarōnþai *sumarōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sumarōdǭ *sumarōdēdį̄
2nd singular *sumarōdēz *sumarōdēdīz
3rd singular *sumarōdē *sumarōdēdī
1st dual *sumarōdēdū *sumarōdēdīw
2nd dual *sumarōdēdudiz *sumarōdēdīdiz
1st plural *sumarōdēdum *sumarōdēdīm
2nd plural *sumarōdēdud *sumarōdēdīd
3rd plural *sumarōdēdun *sumarōdēdīn
present past
participles *sumarōndz *sumarōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sumarōn
    • Old English: *sumerian
      • Middle English: someren
    • Old Frisian: *sumria
      • West Frisian: simmerje
    • Old Saxon: *sumarōn
      • Middle Low German: sōmeren
    • Old Dutch: *sumaron
      • Middle Dutch: sōmeren
    • Old High German: *sumarōn
      • Middle High German: sumeren
        • German: sommern
  • Old Norse: sumra

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sumerōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386