Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swartōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swartaz (black) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈswɑr.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swartōną

  1. to make black, blacken

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swartō *swartǭ *swartōi ?
2nd singular *swartōsi *swartōs *swartō *swartōsai *swartōsau
3rd singular *swartōþi *swartō *swartōþau *swartōþai *swartōþau
1st dual *swartōs *swartōw
2nd dual *swartōþiz *swartōþiz *swartōþiz
1st plural *swartōmaz *swartōm *swartōnþai *swartōnþau
2nd plural *swartōþ *swartōþ *swartōþ *swartōnþai *swartōnþau
3rd plural *swartōnþi *swartōn *swartōnþau *swartōnþai *swartōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swartōdǭ *swartōdēdį̄
2nd singular *swartōdēz *swartōdēdīz
3rd singular *swartōdē *swartōdēdī
1st dual *swartōdēdū *swartōdēdīw
2nd dual *swartōdēdudiz *swartōdēdīdiz
1st plural *swartōdēdum *swartōdēdīm
2nd plural *swartōdēdud *swartōdēdīd
3rd plural *swartōdēdun *swartōdēdīn
present past
participles *swartōndz *swartōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swartōn
    • Old English: sweartian
    • Old Frisian: *swartia
      • West Frisian: swartsje
    • Old Saxon: *swartōn
    • Old Dutch: *swarton
  • Old Norse: svarta