Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dreb⁽ʰ⁾- (“to tread, to step”). Compare Lithuanian drebė́ti (“to tremble”) and Polish drabina (“ladder”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtrɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*trappōną[1][2]

  1. (West Germanic) to trample

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *trapp- against *trap-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *trappō *trappǭ — *trappōi ?
2nd singular *trappōsi *trappōs *trappō *trappōsai *trappōsau
3rd singular *trappōþi *trappō *trappōþau *trappōþai *trappōþau
1st dual *trappōs *trappōw — — —
2nd dual *trappōþiz *trappōþiz *trappōþiz — —
1st plural *trappōmaz *trappōm — *trappōnþai *trappōnþau
2nd plural *trappōþ *trappōþ *trappōþ *trappōnþai *trappōnþau
3rd plural *trappōnþi *trappōn *trappōnþau *trappōnþai *trappōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *trappōdǭ *trappōdēdį̄
2nd singular *trappōdēz *trappōdēdīz
3rd singular *trappōdē *trappōdēdī
1st dual *trappōdēdū *trappōdēdīw
2nd dual *trappōdēdudiz *trappōdēdīdiz
1st plural *trappōdēdum *trappōdēdīm
2nd plural *trappōdēdud *trappōdēdīd
3rd plural *trappōdēdun *trappōdēdīn
present past
participles *trappōndz *trappōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *trappōn
    • Old Saxon: *trappōn
    • Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon
      • Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen
        • Dutch: trappen
        • ⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen
          • Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*trappōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 520-521
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*trappōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 409
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