Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tullaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”); or from Latin telōnēum (“tollhouse”).

Noun

*tullaz m

toll, custom

Inflection

Declension of *tullaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tullaz	tullōz, tullōs
vocative	*tull	tullōz, tullōs
accusative	*tullą	*tullanz
genitive	tullas, tullis	*tullǫ̂
dative	*tullai	*tullamaz
instrumental	*tullō	*tullamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *toll
- Old English: toll m or n
  - Middle English: tolle, tol
    - English: toll
    - Scots: toll
- Old Frisian: *toll
  - Saterland Frisian: Tol
  - West Frisian: tol
- Old Saxon: tol
  - Middle Low German: tol
    - German Low German: Toll
- Old Dutch: tol (in placenames and glosses)
  - Middle Dutch: tol
    - Dutch: tol
- Old High German: zol
  - Middle High German: zol
    - German: Zoll
Old Norse: tollr
- Icelandic: tollur
- Faroese: tollur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: toll
- Norwegian Bokmål: toll
- Swedish: tull
- Danish: told
⇒ Old Norse: *tylla
- ⇒ Old Norse: vegtylla f