Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twitwizōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Likely onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtwi.twi.zɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*twitwizōną

To twitter; chirp

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*twitwizō	*twitwizǭ	—	*twitwizōi	?
2nd singular	*twitwizōsi	*twitwizōs	*twitwizō	*twitwizōsai	*twitwizōsau
3rd singular	*twitwizōþi	*twitwizō	*twitwizōþau	*twitwizōþai	*twitwizōþau
1st dual	*twitwizōs	*twitwizōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*twitwizōþiz	*twitwizōþiz	*twitwizōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*twitwizōmaz	*twitwizōm	—	*twitwizōnþai	*twitwizōnþau
2nd plural	*twitwizōþ	*twitwizōþ	*twitwizōþ	*twitwizōnþai	*twitwizōnþau
3rd plural	*twitwizōnþi	*twitwizōn	*twitwizōnþau	*twitwizōnþai	*twitwizōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*twitwizōdǭ	*twitwizōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*twitwizōdēz	*twitwizōdēdīz
3rd singular	*twitwizōdē	*twitwizōdēdī
1st dual	*twitwizōdēdū	*twitwizōdēdīw
2nd dual	*twitwizōdēdudiz	*twitwizōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*twitwizōdēdum	*twitwizōdēdīm
2nd plural	*twitwizōdēdud	*twitwizōdēdīd
3rd plural	*twitwizōdēdun	*twitwizōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*twitwizōndz	*twitwizōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *twitwiʀōn
- Old English: *twiterian, *twitrian
  - Middle English: twiteren, twitren
    - Scots: twitter
    - English: twitter
      - → Dutch: twitteren
      - → Low German: twitteren
- Old Dutch: *twiteron, *kwiteron (possible dissimilation)
  - Middle Dutch: *quēteren (attested in quēteringhe)
    - Dutch: queteren (obsolete), kwetteren
- Old High German: zwizzirōn, zwizerōn
  - Middle High German: zwitzern
    - German: zwitzern, zwitschern
    - Luxembourgish: zwitscheren
Old Norse: *tvitra, *kvitra
- Danish: kvidre
- Norwegian Bokmål: kvitre
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kvitra
- Old Swedish: kvittra, *tittra
  - Swedish: kvittra, Swedish: tittra (dialectal)