Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrimpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wer- (“to turn, twist”). Compare Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “I turn in circles”). Possibly a Blend of *wringaną (“to squeeze, to twist”) +‎ *hrimpaną (“to wrinkle, to shrink”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwrim.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrimpaną^[1]

to grimace, to wince

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wrimpō	*wrimpaų	—	*wrimpai	?
2nd singular	*wrimpizi	*wrimpaiz	*wrimp	*wrimpazai	*wrimpaizau
3rd singular	*wrimpidi	*wrimpai	*wrimpadau	*wrimpadai	*wrimpaidau
1st dual	*wrimpōz	*wrimpaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wrimpadiz	*wrimpaidiz	*wrimpadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wrimpamaz	*wrimpaim	—	*wrimpandai	*wrimpaindau
2nd plural	*wrimpid	*wrimpaid	*wrimpid	*wrimpandai	*wrimpaindau
3rd plural	*wrimpandi	*wrimpain	*wrimpandau	*wrimpandai	*wrimpaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wramp	*wrumpį̄
2nd singular	*wramft	*wrumpīz
3rd singular	*wramp	*wrumpī
1st dual	*wrumpū	*wrumpīw
2nd dual	*wrumpudiz	*wrumpīdiz
1st plural	*wrumpum	*wrumpīm
2nd plural	*wrumpud	*wrumpīd
3rd plural	*wrumpun	*wrumpīn

	present	past
participles	*wrimpandz	*wrumpanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wrimpan
- Old Saxon: *wrimpan
  - Middle Low German: wrimpen
- Old Dutch: *wrimpan
  - Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen
    - Dutch: wrimpen (dated)
- Old High German: *rimpfan
  - Middle High German: rimpfen

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wrempanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wrempanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472

[1]