Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps connected to the synonymous *gewH-.

Root

*ǵʰewH-^[1]^[2]

to call on, invoke

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵʰweH-^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewH- (9 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰéwH-e-ti (thematic root present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáwHati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáwHati
    - Vedic Sanskrit: हवते (hávate)
  - Proto-Iranian: *jawHati (“to call on, invoke”)^[4]
    - Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti)
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwy-)
    - Ossetian:
      - Digor: аргъаун (arǧawn), аргъуд (arǧud)
      - Iron: а́ргъауын (árǧawyn), а́ргъуыд (árǧwyd)
*ǵʰuH-éye-ti (éye-present)^[3]^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰuHáyati (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰuH-e-ti (zero-grade root present)^[6]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)
  - Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰuH-eh₂^[7]
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: kwā- (“call, invite”) (or from Schwebeablaut *ǵʰweH-^[3])
*ǵʰuH-tus^[2]
- Celtic: *gutus (“voice”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *dzulā^[8]
  - Albanian: zulë
    - Albanian: zulmë
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to praise oneself, boast”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] (intensive verb)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: जोहवीमि (jóhavīmi, “to call again and again”)^[3]
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍 (zaozaomī)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: ह्वे (hve)

References

^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 180-1
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 811
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kwā-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 235
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zulë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 526

[1] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press

[Matasovic-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 180-1

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472

[5] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 811

[Derksen-6] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kwā-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 235

[8] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zulë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 526

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