Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *(s)kewd-[1][2]

    1. to advance, push
    2. to drive, propel

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewd- (12 c, 0 e)
    • *(s)kéwd-e-ti ~ *(s)kéwd-o-nti (thematic root present)[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáwdati
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáwdati
      • >? Proto-Albanian:[2]
        • Proto-Albanian: *skeuda[3]
          • Albanian: hedh (“to throw”)
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *skeutaną (“to shoot”) (disputed[4]) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kud-tó-s (“propelled”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čutˢtás
        • Proto-Iranian: *custáh
          • Persian: چست (čost, “quick, active”)
    • *(s)kud-eh₂-yé-ti
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūˀdā́ˀtei
        • Latvian: kûdît, kûdinât (“to drive, to urge”) (possibly)
        • Lithuanian: skiautė, skutai
        • Proto-Slavic: *kydati impf, *kydnǫti pf (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *huttōną (“to run”) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • >? Proto-Scythian: *Skuδa (“shooter”)[5]
      • → Ancient Greek: Σκύθης (Skúthēs, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)
      • → Old Median: *Skuδah
        • ⇒ Old Persian: 𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼 (s-ku-u-d-r /⁠Skudra⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
      • → Akkadian: 𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 (Iškuzaya, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. (s)keud-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 955
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)keu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560
    3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-144
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skeutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
    5. ^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka‎[2], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN>
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