Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)pend-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spend-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly reanalyzed root of *(s)penh₁- (“to spin (thread); to stretch”) plus a suffix similar to *-dʰh₁eti, but not identical to it in view of the Balto-Slavic accent.^[1] Alternatively, a variant of the former root via the Kortlandt effect, which proposes that PIE *d becomes *h₁ under certain circumstances.

Root

*(s)pend-^[2]^[3]

to stretch

Alternative reconstructions

*(s)pen-dʰ(h₁)- (assuming the more common suffix *-dʰh₁eti, with possible laryngeal deletion from the root, but likely conflicting with accentual evidence)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)pend- (16 c, 0 e)

*(s)pénd-e-ti (thematic root present)^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenˀstei
  - Latgalian: spīst
  - Latvian: spiêst
  - Lithuanian: spę́sti
  - →? Proto-Finnic: *pettädäk (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *pendō (see there for further descendants)
(perhaps) *(s)pond-éye-ti (causative)^[5]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *pǫditi (see there for further descendants)
*(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *pendēō (see there for further descendants)
*(s)pénd-i-s ~ *(s)pn̥d-éy-s^[6]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *pę̑dь (see there for further descendants)
*(s)pénd-os ~ *(s)pénd-es-
- Proto-Italic: *pondos
  - Latin: pondus (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pendō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 457
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “(s)pen-(d-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 988
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*(s)pend-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 578
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “spęsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pǫditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pę̑dь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 398-399

[deVaan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pendō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 457

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “(s)pen-(d-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 988

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*(s)pend-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 578

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “spęsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420

[5] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pǫditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pę̑dь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 398-399

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