Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-bʰi

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from an adverb *bʰí (“by, next to”), whence Proto-Germanic *bi.[1][2]

Suffix

*-bʰi[1][2][3]

  1. forms adverbs with locative meaning
  2. with instrumental meaning as nominal ending

Extensions

  • *-bʰi-s (instr.pl. ending) (with plural ending -s)
    • >? Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: -ւք (-wkʻ) (or a later creation from -ւ (-w))
    • Proto-Celtic: *-bis[4]
      • Old Irish: -b (dat.pl. ending)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-bʰiš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: -भिस् (-bhis)
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Avestan: -𐬠𐬌𐬱 (-biš), -𐬠𐬍𐬱 (-bīš)
        • Old Persian: [script needed] (-biš)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: -ւ (-w), -բ (-b), -վ (-v, instrumental case marker)
  • Proto-Celtic:
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-pʰi
    • Ancient Greek: -φι (-phi)
    • Mycenaean Greek: -𐀠 (-pi)
  • >? Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (adjectival gen.sg.m. ending)[5]
    • Tocharian A: -(y)āp
    • Tocharian B: -epi

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-bʰi”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 115-118
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 187
  3. ^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 63: “*-bʰi(s)”
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Stifter, David (2017–2018) “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Celtic, pages 1204-5
  5. ^ Pinault, Georges-Jean (2017–2018) “Chapter XII: Tocharian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Tocharian, page 1337
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