Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mh₁nos
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *-menos, *-mnos
Reconstruction
The -ā- in the Sanskrit descendant is an innovation, from the athematic Proto-Indo-European *-C-m̥h₁no- > Proto-Indo-Iranian *-C-aHno- > Sanskrit -C-āna being remodelled for the thematic paradigm. The Middle Indo-Aryan form -mina reflects the regular outcome of Proto-Indo-Iranian *-mHnas, pointing to the regular form being preserved in an unattested Old Indo-Aryan dialect.
Suffix
*-mh₁nos[1]
- Forms the middle participle.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *-mh₁nos | *-mh₁neh₂ | |
| genitive | *-mh₁nosyo | *-mh₁neh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-mh₁nos | *-mh₁noh₁ | *-mh₁noes |
| vocative | *-mh₁ne | *-mh₁noh₁ | *-mh₁noes |
| accusative | *-mh₁nom | *-mh₁noh₁ | *-mh₁noms |
| genitive | *-mh₁nosyo | *? | *-mh₁noHom |
| ablative | *-mh₁nead | *? | *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos |
| dative | *-mh₁noey | *? | *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos |
| locative | *-mh₁ney, *-mh₁noy | *? | *-mh₁noysu |
| instrumental | *-mh₁noh₁ | *? | *-mh₁nōys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-mh₁neh₂ | *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) | *-mh₁neh₂es |
| vocative | *-mh₁neh₂ | *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) | *-mh₁neh₂es |
| accusative | *-mh₁nām | *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) | *-mh₁neh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *-mh₁neh₂s | *? | *-mh₁neh₂oHom |
| ablative | *-mh₁neh₂s | *? | *-mh₁neh₂mos, *-mh₁neh₂bʰos |
| dative | *-mh₁neh₂ey | *? | *-mh₁neh₂mos, *-mh₁neh₂bʰos |
| locative | *-mh₁neh₂, *-mh₁neh₂i | *? | *-mh₁neh₂su |
| instrumental | *-mh₁neh₂h₁ | *? | *-mh₁neh₂mis, *-mh₁neh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-mh₁nom | *-mh₁noy(h₁) | *-mh₁neh₂ |
| vocative | *-mh₁nom | *-mh₁noy(h₁) | *-mh₁neh₂ |
| accusative | *-mh₁nom | *-mh₁noy(h₁) | *-mh₁neh₂ |
| genitive | *-mh₁nosyo | *? | *-mh₁noHom |
| ablative | *-mh₁nead | *? | *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos |
| dative | *-mh₁noey | *? | *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos |
| locative | *-mh₁ney, *-mh₁noy | *? | *-mh₁noysu |
| instrumental | *-mh₁noh₁ | *? | *-mh₁nōys |
Descendants
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -μενος (-menos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-mHnas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-mHnas
- Sanskrit: -मान (-māna) (thematic), -आन (-āna) (athematic) (-ā- in the thematic form is by analogy with the athematic form; the expected thematic form, *-mina, is attested in Middle Indo-Aryan)
- Maharastri Prakrit: -𑀫𑀺𑀦 (-mina)
- Pali: -māna
- Sanskrit: -मान (-māna) (thematic), -आन (-āna) (athematic) (-ā- in the thematic form is by analogy with the athematic form; the expected thematic form, *-mina, is attested in Middle Indo-Aryan)
- Proto-Iranian: *-mHnah
- Avestan: -𐬨𐬥𐬀 (-mna) (thematic), -𐬁𐬥𐬀 (-āna) (athematic)
- Proto-Nuristani: *-mna
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri: (< *-nna)
- Kamviri: -në-
- Kativiri: -në-
- Prasuni: -ma-, -mi- (< *-mma)
- Kamkata-viri: (< *-nna)
- Northern Nuristani:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-mHnas
- Proto-Italic: *-manos
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: -māṃ
- Tocharian B: -mane
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 114
- ^ Baldi, Philip (1999) The Foundations of Latin (Trends in linguistics), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 391.