Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰr̥bnéh₂ti
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *gʰrebh₂- (“to seize, dig”) + *-né- (nasal infix).
Verb
*gʰr̥bnéh₂ti (imperfective)[1][2]
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʰr̥bnéh₂mi | *gʰr̥bnā́m | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂oh₂ | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʰr̥bnéh₂si | *gʰr̥bnéh₂s | *gʰr̥bnéh₂, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂dʰí | *gʰr̥bnéh₂esi | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *gʰr̥bnéh₂ti | *gʰr̥bnéh₂t | *gʰr̥bnéh₂tu | *gʰr̥bnéh₂eti | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂wós | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂wé | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂owos | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tés | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tóm | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tóm | *gʰr̥bnéh₂etes | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tés | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tā́m | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tā́m | *gʰr̥bnéh₂etes | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂mós | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂mé | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂omos | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂té | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂té | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂té | *gʰr̥bnéh₂ete | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂énti | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ént | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂éntu | *gʰr̥bnéh₂onti | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁ént |
| Participle | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂h₂ér | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂h₂é | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂oh₂er | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂th₂ér | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂th₂é | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂só | *gʰr̥bnéh₂eth₂er | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tór, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ór | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂tó, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ó | *? | *gʰr̥bnéh₂etor | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁tó, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂wósdʰh₂ | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂wédʰh₂ | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂owosdʰh₂ | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂mósdʰh₂ | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂médʰh₂ | — | *gʰr̥bnéh₂omosdʰh₂ | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂dʰh₂wé | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂dʰh₂wé | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂dʰh₂wé | *gʰr̥bnéh₂edʰh₂we | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂n̥tór, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂rór | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂n̥tó, *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ró | *? | *gʰr̥bnéh₂ontor | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂ih₁ró |
| Participle | *gʰr̥bn̥h₂m̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Germanic: *gruppōną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥bʰnáHti
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ghrebh2”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 201
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 454