Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-

Root

*h₂enǵʰ-

  1. to constrict, tighten, compress
  2. narrow, tight
  3. distressed, anxious

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enǵʰ- (18 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)
    • Italic:
      • Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)
  • *h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-us-t-
    • Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)
  • *h₂énǵʰ-os
    • Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-os-to-
    • Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-
Unsorted formations

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “angō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
  3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 264-265

Further reading

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