Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃yebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₃yebʰ-^[1]^[2]

to enter into, penetrate
to copulate

Alternative reconstructions

*yebʰ-^[3]^[4]^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃yebʰ- (12 c, 0 e)

*h₃yébʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)^[4]
*h₃yḗbʰ-s-t ~ *h₃yébʰ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)^[4]
- Proto-Tocharian: *yäp-^[6]
  - Tocharian A: yowäs
  - Tocharian B: yopsa
*h₃yémbʰ-ti ~ *h₃imbʰ-énti (nasal infix)^[4] (< *h₃inébʰ-ti ~ *h₃imbʰ-énti)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyámbdʰi
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hyámbdi
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *āHyámbdi
      - Sogdian: (/⁠āyamb-, āyanp-⁠/, “to pervert, deceive, seduce”) (or from another root *yeb^(h)-^[7])
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼔- (ʾʾynp-)
        
        Syriac script: ܐܝܡܦ- (ʾymp-)
*h₃yobʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyābʰáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hyābáyati
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *upaHyābáyati^[8]^[9]
      - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (byʾβydʾh, “to impregnate”, 3sg.impf.)
*h₃yebʰ-o-s^[1]
- Proto-Anatolian: *Hebos
  - Luwian: *ipaš^[10]^[1]
    - ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾 (i-pa-la-a-ti), 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒋾 (i-pa-la-ti /⁠ipala/i-⁠/, “left (hand)”)
      - ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾𒅔 (i-pa-la-a-ti-i[n]), 𒄿𒉺𒆷𒀀𒋾𒂗 (i-pa-la-a-ti-en /⁠ipalāt(i)-⁠/, “sinisterness”)
    - ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒉺𒈠𒀭𒍝𒀸𒋫 (i-pa-ma-an-za-aš-(ta) /⁠ipama/i-⁠/, “perverted, sinister”, dat.loc.pl.)
    - ⇒ Luwian: *iparuš, *iparwaš^[10]
      - ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒈦𒉿𒀸𒄩𒀸 ([i]-pár-wa-aš-ḫa-aš /⁠iparwašḫaš⁠/)
      - ⇒ Luwian: 𒄿𒈦𒉿𒀸𒅆𒅖 c (i-pár-wa-aš-ši-iš /⁠iparwaššaiš⁠/, “western”)
    - ⇒ Luwian: 𒀹𒄿𒉺𒋻𒈠 (𒀹i-pa-tar-ma /⁠ipatarma⁠/, “west”, nom.-acc.pl.)
      - ⇒ Luwian: 𒀹𒄿𒉺𒋻𒈠𒅀𒀭 n ((𒀹)i-pa-tar-ma-ya-an /⁠ipatarmayan⁠/, “westward”, nom.-acc.pl.)
*h₃yébʰ-wr̥ ~ *h₃ibʰ-wéns^[4]^[1]
- Proto-Anatolian: *Hebʷr̥-
  - Hittite: [script needed] (epurae-, “to go inside”)
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *dzépʰuros (< *(d)yépʰur-os)
  - Ancient Greek: ζέφυρος (zéphuros), Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros) (see there for further descendants)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀽𐁆𐀫 (ze-pu2-ro /⁠zephuros⁠/, “the west wind”)^[11]
*h₃yóbʰ-o-s^[4]^[1]
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *dzópʰos (< *(d)yópʰos)
  - Ancient Greek: ζόφος (zóphos)
*h₃éybʰ-eh₂ (metathesis)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *aibō (“family; village, district, region”)^[3]
  - Proto-West Germanic: *aibu
    - Old High German: -eiba
      - ⇒ Old High German: Wetereiba
      - ⇒ Old High German: Wingarteiba
      - Lombardic: -aib
        ⇒ Lombardic: Antaib
        
        ⇒ Lombardic: Burgundaib
Unsorted formations:
- >? Illyrian:
  - → Doric Greek: Οἴβαλος (Oíbalos, “belonging to the birth”)^[3]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “39”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]: “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-⁰”
^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2264: “*(h₃)i̯ebʰ-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 298
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 508: “*i̯ebhe/o-”
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yäp-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 537-538
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 212-213
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*i̯ab-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 60-62
^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “byʾβy-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 185
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Melchert, H. Craig (2001) Lexica Anatolica‎^[2], volume Volume 2: Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon, pages 90—91
^ Kazanskene, V. P., Kazanskij, N. N. (1986) “ze-pu₂-ro”, in Предметно-понятийный словарь греческого языка. Крито-микенский период (in Russian), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg): Nauka, page 64 of 207

[Kummel-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “39”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]: “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-⁰”

[2] Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2264: “*(h₃)i̯ebʰ-”

[Pokorny-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 298

[LIV-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309

[5] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 508: “*i̯ebhe/o-”

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yäp-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 537-538

[7] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 212-213

[8] Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*i̯ab-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 60-62

[9] Benzing, Johannes (1983) “byʾβy-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 185

[Melchert-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Melchert, H. Craig (2001) Lexica Anatolica‎^[2], volume Volume 2: Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon, pages 90—91

[11] Kazanskene, V. P., Kazanskij, N. N. (1986) “ze-pu₂-ro”, in Предметно-понятийный словарь греческого языка. Крито-микенский период (in Russian), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg): Nauka, page 64 of 207

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